Plc based substation automation and scada systems and. The number of transformers to be operated in parallel can also be incr eased according to demand of a particular area. Loading considerations when paralleling transformers. The need for load shedding in generating, transmission and. Jul 17, 2012 for supplying a load in excess of the rating of an existing transformer, two or more transformers may be connected in parallel with the existing transformer. Eep electrical engineering portal energy and power for all. The aim of the project is to protect the transformer under overload condition by load sharing. Microcontroller based automatic load sharing of transformer. Automation to process of parallel operation of transformer.
As scada systems have evolved to adopt standard networking technologies such as ethernet and tcpip, the difference between purposebuilt scada networks and standard networks supporting da applications and new or legacy scada communications has. Supervisory control and data acquisition system scada is a high tech computer system with. The purpose of this paper is to present a programmable logic controller plc control system that is applied to the main feed water process of a pressurized water reactor, construct a structure that the alternative system is a hot backup to the operating system between plc and the original analog instrument control system, the steam is apply to the boiler with respective level of liquid is. Current monitoring can be extended with other data from scada database, like oil and winding temperature 14, number of operating hours days in a year, number. This data is collected in the form of measured analog current or voltage values or the open or closed status of contact points. Key words load management, supervisory control and data acquisition system, load shedding system, load control system, frequency control. The main aim of this project is to adjust the availability power with consuming load. Plc based load sharing system department of eeskit page 4 6.
Introduction continuous and uninterruptable electricity supply in the industrial facilities is possible only with intelligent very fast operated monitoring, supervision and control systems, which. Ieee plc scada projects ieee plc scada automation projects. Stepup transformers increase voltage, stepdown transformers reduce voltage. Jan 19, 2018 in this video i describe about a project that is automatic load sharing of transformer or parallel operation of transformer.
Jun 30, 20 my projectautomatic load sharing of transformer by using gsm tecnique. The variation in voltage damages the equipment of the power system. Smart transformer using plc and scada international journal of. Automation based power transmission control station using. The transformers are connected in parallel when load on one of the transformers is more than its capacity. Automation based power transmission control station using plc. Using scada system the various application programs that implemented in power systems are fault location, load balancing, load shedding, etc. Automatic load sharing analog to digital converter. Here the load is directly connected to the secondary of the main transformer as well as backup transformer. The above figure shows the typical scada based substation control system. My projectautomatic load sharing of transformer by using gsm tecnique. Transformers are the static devices that work on the principle of faradays law of electromagnetic induction. Automatic load balancing and phase balancing by plc and scada.
Using scada system the various application programs that implemented in power systems are fault location, load balancing, load shedding. Automatic load sharing and protection of distribution transformers. Substations are a critical component for maintaining electrical supply and load control in low voltage, medium voltage and high voltage electrical. In this video i describe about a project that is automatic load sharing of transformer or parallel operation of transformer. In this project automatic load sharing of transformers we are using two transformers, one is main transformer tf1 and the next is backup transformer tf2. Automatic control of on load tap changing of transformers for. Automatic transformer distribution and load sharing system. Niddan rames 1assistant professor, 2 pg student, 3 pg student 1 department of electrical and electronics engineering.
The concept of automatic load sharing of transformer or overload protection of transformer is done by various means like by using microprocessors, by using gsm technology, and by using relays. Thus in order to attain increased voltage levels on. Pardhi sir department of electronics and telecommunication engineering session 201220 2. Our system aims at load sharing of transformers and priority based load shedding. The components of a scada system are field instrumentation, remote. By making use of a smart transformer we can monitor and control an entire substation. Abstractthis paper describes the design of a load tap changer ltc control for up to four parallel transformers using a modified circulating current approach.
Innovative transformer load tap changer control using. Task of monitoring power transformers based on current measurements can be shifted to a scada system in control center because current or power and voltage measurements from most of power transformers come to scada. Now a detailed description of hardware components, software components are given below. Distribution and load sharing of transformer automatically by. Kirubakaran2 1assistant professor, department of eee, jay shriram group of institutions, tirupur, 2pg scholar, m. V t z a z b z k z n load i in i a i b i k i n all transformer zs and load z. Load sharing, power factor improvement, temperature monitoring. Jan 17, 2019 because of this core loss component, the source current in a transformer on noload condition supplied from the source as source current is not exactly at 90 lags of the supply voltage, but it lags behind an angle. My project automatic load sharing of transformer by using gsm tecnique. Automatic transformer distribution and load sharing using. In this work we are used a relay and comparator ic. In order to ensure the proper functioning of substations and related equipment such as linemounted switches and capacitors, most.
The fluctuation in the voltage mainly occurs due to the variation in load on the supply system. Theory of transformer on load and no load operation. Using data from scada for centralized transformer monitoring. This was our presentation on academic major project. The reliability is increased with parallel operation than to have single larger unit. Load dispatch centre that monitors these operations and keeps the account of quantity of electricity transmitted through a grid. Telecommunications considerations for distribution automation. How new technologies can improve monitoring and control by lourenco teodoro, indusoft substations are a critical component for maintaining electrical supply and load control in low voltage, medium voltage and high voltage electrical distribution networks. Iot 3 phase transformer load monitoring using nodemcu esp266 and arduino. Data acquisition data acquisition refers to acquiring, or collecting, data. Eep electrical engineering portal is leading education provider in many fields of electrical engineering, specialized in high, medium and low voltage applications, power substations and energy generation, transmission and distribution. The need for load shedding in generating, transmission and distribution systems photo by.
My projectautomatic load sharing of transformer by using. Innovative transformer load tap changer control using ethernetbased communications adam taylor, santee cooper larry wright, schweitzer engineering laboratories, inc. This can be prevented by incorporating parallel operation and load sharing of transformers. Using scada most of the transformers at transmission system level and at power plants can be monitored, which can be very valuable. Automatic voltage regulator the automatic voltage regulator is used to regulate the voltage. In this work we are used a relay and comparator ics for automatic load sharing between three transformers. Load management of industrial facilities electrical system. Automatic load sharing of transformers free download as powerpoint presentation. So an temperatures, input voltage variations and provides automatic power factor. Design of load sharing control system using pic microcontroller. Transformer load tap changer control using iec 61850 goose. Load sharing load sharing means generally equally share the load in power system. Automatic control of on load tap changing of transformers for enhancement of voltage stability 1dr. Load tap changer control today a load tap changer ltc is a mechanism internal to many transformers, especially highvoltage transformers, that can change the number of turns used in a transformer winding by selecting from a given number of available taps.
Automatic load sharing of transformer project latest. Loads are supplied from a single transformer under normal condition and a standby transformer is connected in parallel through a circuit breaker. Rtus collect io data and transfers to remote master unit via network interface modules. Transformers automatic local voltage control in electrical power systems 69 the execution equipmentthe motor drive mechanism actuate over the oltc modifying stepbystep the tap position and hence the voltage ratio. Load shedding it is process of cutoff the loads on the approximated area according to the load priority to reduce the increase demand greater than the supply. This system measures the power using current and voltage sensing circuits for every energy source i. Ics for automat ic load sharing between three transformers.
If total current supplied from source is i o, it will have one component in phase with supply voltage v 1. From engineering and economical standpoint, the most favourableconditions for a power supply is attained when the power factor is close to unity. Due to overload on transformer, the efficiency drops and windings. Current rating of low voltage transformer in automatic stabilizer. Automatic stabilizer or simple transformer converter for using 110v devices on 220v. They have been developed for application in harsh industrial environments. Automatic load sharing is when the transformers are isolated from each other and a computer monitors and makes the decision which transformer will handle how much of the total load. This data is collected in the form of measured analog current or voltage values or. Project seminar on automatic load sharing of transformers using gsm technique projectee nikhil s hiwareguided by. The transformer is a static device, which converts power from one level to another level. In other words the transformer with the lowest impedance will absorb the largest load and be the first to burn out. Scada is a part of it of course there are a lot of other application of scada.
Distribution transformers are an important part of power system which. Using scada most of the transformers at transmission system level and at power plants can be monitored, which can be very valuable for asset management. Distribution and load sharing of transformer automatically. This paper presents design and implementation of automatic control circuits which is used in plc automation to monitor as well as diagnose condition of transformers, like load currents, transformer temperatures and voltages. Automatic control of on load tap changing of transformers. Transformer works on the principle of electromagnetic induction when current passed through the primary winding and. Automation based power transmission control station using plc and scada t. Telecommunications considerations for distribution. The components used in this work are transformers, plc, communication cable, load and finally the software required is supervisory control and data acquisition scada.
Automatic load sharing of a transformer system with protective analysis. Pdf automatic load sharing of transformers using microcontroller. A short circuit test for copper loss at full load gives a wattmeter reading of 100 w. Tracking the load status, data logging, historical trend. Various inputoutput io modules connected to the substation equipment gathers the field parameters data, including status of switches, circuit breakers, transformers, capacitors and batteries, voltage and current magnitudes, etc. My projectautomatic load sharing of transformer by using gsm. An autotransformer is a kind of electrical transformer where primary and secondary shares same common single winding. Version 2 as this is the version 3 of the 3 phase transformer load monitoring and load balancing system, this project is around 70% based on the version1, as i will be using the same connections and the same computer application for monitoring all the three phases. Epower electronics and drives, jay shriram group of institutions, tirupur. Automatic load sharing of transformers transformer. Controller plays crucial role in automation field where many process are automated.
This 2day substation scada monitoring training course will focus on the proper design, operation and functioning of substations and related equipment. Load tap changer control today a load tap changer ltc is a mechanism internal to many transformers, especially highvoltage transformers, that can change the number of turns used in a transformer winding by selecting from a given number of available taps on that winding. It takes the fluctuate voltage and changes them into a constant voltage. Autotransformer theory in an auto transformer, one single winding is used as primary winding as well as secondary winding. The need for load shedding generally arises from unforeseen causes, lack of sufficient power supply from deficiencies in generating, transmission and distribution capabilities. For supplying a load in excess of the rating of an existing transformer, two or more transformers may be connected in parallel with the existing transformer.
Apr 28, 2016 automatic load sharing of transformer. Plc programmable logical controller plays crucial role in. Operated transformers using scada, international journal of. When the load is shared b y the transformer, the information of the sharing transformer will be send to the near station or grid. An automatic load sharing of transformer using phase. Epower electronics and drives, jay shriram group of institutions, tirupur, abstract power management is an important.
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